Dhammacakkapavattana Sutra is first and foremost of the Sutras expounded by the Buddha as soon as He became Enlightenment. He had preached it to the five group of ascetic at the Deer Park near Benares on the full moon day of Āsālha, July. This sutra is an entirely different from the ancient Indian philosophies and methods which were pursued by the other religious teachers regarding as truth. Dhammacakka is the name given to this first discourse of the Buddha. It is frequently represented as meaning “The Kingdom of Truth”, “The Kingdom of Righteousness”, and “The Wheel of Truth”.
According to the commentators, Dharma here means wisdom or knowledge, and Cakka means founding or establishment. Dhammacakka therefore means the founding or establish of wisdom. Dhammacakkapavattana means The Exposition of the Establishment of Wisdom. Dharma may also be interpreted as Truth, and Cakka as Wheel. Dhammacakkapavattana would therefore mean The Turning or The Establishment of the Wheel of Truth.read more
At the time of 6 B.C. in India, all ascetics had believed the two extremes that they are real truth and methods liberation from Saṃsāra. At first, the Bodhisattva himself had followed them with the austere practices. In the end, he came to understood truly that these ways will never reach to the end of suffering after practising them for six years. Then he made up not to keep on these false and wrong methods and to seek for the new way by his own intelligence. Thus He became the Buddha by following the Middle Path and then He taught it to His five followers who had left Him and went away.
In this sutra, the Buddha pointed out to refrain from two extremes such as the life of self-indulgence and the life of self-mortification which were very popular among all ascetics at the time of India and to follow the true way called the Middle Path. By practising the Middle Path, one can get rid of pain not to associate with beloved one, to associate with hateful one, all sufferings and limitations of life.
Hence, there are Middle Eightfold Paths. They are Right view, Right Thought, Right speech, Right action, Right livelihood, Right effort, Right mindfulness and Right concentration. These are the ways to be practiced while the two extremes are absolutely given up by the meditator. This is the Middle Path what the Buddha Himself found out newly then. Then, the Buddha kept on explain the Four Noble Truth such as the true of suffering, the original of suffering, the cessation of suffering and the way leading to the cessation of suffering.
The Buddha said that all beings are subject to birth and consequently to decay, disease, and finally to death. No one is exempt from these four causes of suffering so on and so forth. At the end of the discourse Kondañña, the senior of the five disciples, understood the Dharma and, attained the first stage of Sainthood, realizes that whatever is subject to origination all that is subject to cessation.
Reported By Ven.Punnavamsa
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